Jaridar

masu aikin gona

A cikin tarihin tarihi da aka sani da Zamani na Tsakiya, masu bautar gumaka sun kasance suna yin hayar mutane don yin aiki a cikin bitar su.Wadannan mutanen da aka ɗauka haya an biya su da rana; Wannan sananne ne a cikin harshen Faransanci kamar Jorurée, daga wannan kalmar Faransanci aka samo kalmomin yanzu: masu yini da yini, wanda za'a iya faɗi a cikin sauƙaƙan magana cewa su mutanen da suke aiki don biyan yini ɗaya.

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Kalmar albashi Ana iya fahimtarsa ​​azaman albashin da ma'aikaci ke karɓa don musayar ranar ayyuka ko aiki; in ba haka ba kuma ana iya fassara shi azaman aikin da mai gudanarwa ke yi na kowace rana.

Saboda haka, muna iya cewa Hakkin yana daya daga cikin siffofin da ake samu na aikin na wanda aka yi ijara da shi, duk da haka, wannan kalmar ta sauya ta hanyar wasu sharuɗɗan amfani da yawa kamar: albashi, albashi, diyya, alawus da aka biya, alawus, ko kudade, a tsakanin wasu.

ladan

El albashi yana daɗa tsananta wahalar da albashin ke wakilta, Tunda yana hana ma'aikaci wani abin motsawa wanda zai sanya shi ƙoƙari don haɓaka aikinsa, hakanan yana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan, wanda dole ne ya zama yana ci gaba, saboda haka yana da tsada sosai kuma har ma yana zuwa gabatar da sakamako kaɗan, kuma hakan yana sanya Lokacin da ma'aikata suke aiki ta hanyar gama gari, wato a ce da yawa suna da nauyi iri ɗaya, ƙoƙarin da za a tsara ta na ma'aikata waɗanda ba su da ƙwazo a aikinsu, wannan yana nuna lalaci, mummunan hali, rashin inganci, a wasu fannoni; Wannan saboda biyan kuɗin aikin da aka yi zai kasance daidai da kowa, saboda haka babu wani kwarin gwiwa don yin aikin ta hanya mafi kyau, amma bisa mafi ƙarancin abin da ake buƙata shi ne cewa za a aiwatar da ayyukan da aka ɗora wa ma'aikata. Saboda wannan ne yasa ake kiran sa yanki (wacce hanya ce wacce take kasancewa ta daukar ma'aikata wanda ma'aikaci ke caji daga aikin da ake yi, maimakon daga lokacin da aka kashe), Sauyawa ne wanda ke da fa'ida da yawa a yau a cikin lamura da yawa.

Yanzu bari mu ci gaba don ayyanawa ma'aikacin rana, wani lokacin da za'a iya amfani dashi azaman ma'ana shine pawn, shine mutumin da aka ɗauka wanda yake aiki don musanya albashi ko menene iri ɗaya, biyan kuɗi don lokacin aikin aiki; Hakanan ana amfani dashi mafi yawa azaman kalmar da ake amfani da ita ga ma'aikatan aikin gona marasa ƙasa.

Yanzu, ta hanyar ƙarin abin da kalmar take nufi ma'aikaci, Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi ga ma'aikata a yankin aikin gona waɗanda ba su mallaki ƙasa, ma'ana, ba sa yin wani aiki abin da ke nasu. Abin da wannan adadi na ma'aikacin rana yake wakilta shima yana da alaƙa da manyan filaye waɗanda suke kudu da Spain, kuma musamman na Andalusia. A wasu yankuna na Andalus, ana kiran masu aikin yini waɗanda aka ɗauka a lokacin shuka ko lokacin gañanía gañanes.

Albashi da mafi karancin albashin ma'aikata

lada da lebura

A cikin yankin Spain, mafi karancin albashin ma'aikata (SMI) Shi ne mafi karancin albashi tare da tallafi na doka wanda ma'aikaci zai iya tattarawa, ba tare da la'akari da kwazon mutum ba. Ana iya bayyana wannan SMI ta hanyoyi daban-daban, duk ya dogara ne da rukunin kuɗi; ko dai a kowace rana, a kowane wata ko a kowace shekara na aiki. Wannan SMI ana buga shi kowace shekara a cikin BOE.

Domin kafa mafi karancin albashin da ya dace da kowace shekara, Dole ne a yi la'akari da Fihirisar Farashin Masu Kayayyaki (CPI) tare, da kuma abin da ya dace da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa, da ƙaruwar shigar ma'aikata aiki dangane da kuɗin shigar ƙasa kuma dole ne a kuma la'akari da tattalin arzikin. An bincika yanayin a cikin hanyar gaba ɗaya. Wannan mafi karancin albashin ana iya sauya shi rabin-kowace shekara a shari'o'in da ake samun bambance-bambance a kan kasafin kudin da aka sanya wa farashin farashin mabukaci (CPI).

Wadannan sune misalan halayyar albashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Don shekara ta 2013 an kafa shi ta Dokar Sarauta 1717/2012, tare da kwanan wata na Disamba 28 a 21,51 Tarayyar Turai don kowace rana da Yuro 645,30 don kowane wata, ban da haɗa da biyan kuɗi biyu na ban mamaki. Idan an raba waɗannan biyan kuɗi zuwa biyan kuɗi 2, kowannensu ya dace da wata ɗaya na shekara, ba tare da ƙari ba, sakamakon mafi ƙarancin albashi na wata ya kai ƙimar Yuro 12. Wannan adadin da aka lissafa yana nufin babban albashi, wanda yayi daidai da abin da ake kira aikin cikakken lokaci (wanda, a cikin Spain, a cikin yawancin ayyukan aiki yana nufin aiki na sa'o'i 752,85 a mako, idan an raba wannan don barin jadawalin wanda duk kwanakin aiki na mako suna da adadin awowi daidai, wanda yayi daidai da awanni 40 a rana). A cikin mafi yawan shari'oi, idan da kowane dalili an yi gajeren ranar aiki, za a karɓi kuɗi ko ɓangaren da ya dace daidai da lokacin aikin.

A cewar professionalwararren ma'aikacin, kazalika da yarjeniyoyin kasuwanci da ake aiwatarwa, adadin da aka faɗi na iya ƙaruwa ko kuma za a iya rage shi a yanayin da ma'aikaci ke cikin wasu yanayi na horo. Dangantakar ma'aikata da kuma cikakkun bayanai an bayyana su a cikin Dokar Ma'aikata

A watan Disamba na 2011 wani abu da baƙon abu ya faru, Gwamnatin Mariano Rajoy ta daskarar da Mafi karancin Albashi, wannan yana da mahimmanci don nunawa saboda a karon farko tun bayan gabatar da mafi ƙarancin albashi wannan ya faru. Zuwa 2012, gwamnatin Jam'iyyar Mashahuri ta yi daidai, ta sake yin ƙarya mafi karancin albashi. A cikin 2014 wannan yanayin ya sake bayyana, yana barin mafi ƙarancin albashi a daskarar da Yuro 645,30 a kowane wata. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, bisa tilas, kwangila dole ne ya sami ƙarin biyan kuɗi 2, ta wannan hanyar ne, yayin ƙara rabon kuɗin da ya dace da ɓangare ɗaya a kowane wata, kuɗin mafi ƙarancin albashin Mutanen Espanya, wato bayan haraji, zai kasance kusan € 752,85 kowace wata.

ma'aikaci

Yanzu bari mu magance abin da suka ƙunsa albashin lissafi. A cikin rabe-raben albashi na musamman, akwai nau'ikan lada iri hudu: na farko shi ne na tallace-tallace, na biyu ya yi daidai da kudin da ake samu na karbar kudi, na uku na albashi yana nufin kudin siye, na karshe kuma shi ne na albashin. na musamman shine biyan kudi na yau da kullun. Kamfanonin da ke yin amfani da ɗayan ko fiye da waɗannan ladan suna buga ma'amaloli. A waɗancan lokuta inda albashin ba ya daga kowane nau'I hudu na albashi na musamman, lZa'a buga ma'amala a cikin babban mujallar, saboda wannan janar janar ana iya dacewa da kusan kowane nau'in ma'amala. Rarraba ta wanzu saboda an kafa hanya ta musamman don karɓar takamaiman nau'ikan ma'amaloli da ya ƙunsa.

A kowane lokutan da kamfani ya biya tsabar kudi, don kiyaye shi, ana buga rikodin wannan ma'amala a cikin mujallar da ta dace da biyan kuɗi. A cikin wannan albashi yana cikin duk biyan da aka yi ta hanyar amfani da cak, biyan kudi da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan biyan kudi na lantarki da kudin ke wucewa nan take ga ma'aikaci. A cikin lissafin kuɗi, duk lokacin da kuka biya cikin tsabar kuɗi ana sanya muku asusun ajiyar kuɗi. Dalilin da yasa hakan ya kasance shine "tsabar kudi" asusu ne na kadara, kuma duk wadannan asusun kadara suna da daidaiton zare kudi na yau da kullun. Wannan ma'auni yana wakiltar kuɗin da kamfani yake da su nan da nan, wannan yana nuna cewa wasu abubuwa kamar su ragaggen lamuni ko asusun da za'a biya ba a haɗa su cikin waɗannan lambobin ba.

Domin cewa ana sarrafa albashi ta hanya mafi kyauDuk ma'amaloli da aka gudanar a cikin tsawon wata ɗaya suna rubuce, to ana ƙara ginshikan albashi. Bayan sun gama abubuwan da ke sama, jimlar bashin kamfanin da lamuni dole ne su daidaita da juna. Idan wannan bai faru ba, shaida ce cewa kuskure ko kuskure ya faru yayin aikin. Daga baya, lokacin da aka gama jimillar wasu kuma aka tabbatar da su, kowane jumlar da ta dace da shafi ana shigar da ita a cikin babban kundin lissafi, wanda shine rikodin da aka ajiye na duk asusun da ma'aunan kamfanin. Duk waɗannan matakan ana aiwatar dasu ne don kamfanin ya sami kyakkyawan tsari don tsara abubuwan da yake dasu, dangane da biyan albashi.

Yawan aiki
Labari mai dangantaka:
Hutu, lokutan aiki da albashi a Turai

Siffofin biyan kuɗi waɗanda kamfanoni za su iya zaɓar

Kamfanoni na iya zaɓar sake ɗaukar ma'aikatan su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kari akan haka, wasu daga cikinsu suna da fa'idodin harajinsu ga ma'aikacin da kuma kamfanin. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa kowace ƙasa na iya biya ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma kodayake an tattauna batun mafi ƙarancin albashi a Spain, akwai ƙasashe waɗanda wannan karancin haƙƙin ba su wanzu. Yayinda kowace ƙasa ke mulkin kanta, nau'ikan kasuwancin daban daban suna tasowa, gami da haƙƙoƙin daban ga ma'aikatanta. Bayan ayyukan da ma'aikaci zai iya yiwa kamfanin da suke aiki, kowane kamfani ya danganta da bangaren, da yadda yake gudanar da ayyukan sa, da kuma kasar da yake, na iya biyan albashin su daban.

Don yin wannan, zamu duba wasu hanyoyi daban-daban da za'a iya biyan wannan albashin.

Bayar da hannun jari na kamfanin kanta

Yana da aiki wanda aka saba da shi sosai a ƙasashen Anglo-Saxon, amma a Spain har yanzu wani abu ne da ba shi da yawa. Wannan nau'i na biyan kuɗi yana bin manufofi daban-daban. A gefe guda, idan ana ba da hannun jarin kyauta ko a farashi ƙasa da kasuwa, ma'aikaci na iya dakatar da biyan haraji muddin jimillar ƙimar ba ta ƙare da € 12.000 a shekara ba.

ɗayan mafi yawan hanyoyin biyan kuɗi shine ta hannun jari na kamfanin kanta

Wata fa'idar wannan hanyar biyan ma'aikata ita ce daidaita bukatunsu da na kamfanin. Wannan tunanin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa mafi kyawun kamfanin yana aiki, ƙididdigar hannun jarin zai zama mai daraja, saboda masu mallakar sune manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin kamfanin ke yin aiki mai kyau.

Biyan tikitin gidan abinci

Wannan nau'in biyan ya riga ya yadu sosai a duk fadin Spain. Nau'in katin biyan kuɗi ne ko takardun shaida waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a shagunan karɓar baƙi da gidajen abinci waɗanda ke karɓar su (galibi galibi akwai mutane da yawa).

Ga ma'aikaci, na farko € 11 kowace rana waɗanda aka karɓa, a ranakun kasuwanci, An keɓance su daga harajin samun haraji na mutum. A ɓangaren kamfanin, yana da fa'ida ta kasancewa an keɓance daga biyan harajin kamfani.

Tare da tsare-tsaren fansho na kamfanin

Gudummawa ce da kamfanoni ke bayarwa ga samfuran tsaro na zamantakewa, kuma ɗayansu shine shirin fansho. Suna jin daɗin fa'idodin haraji sau biyu. Ga kamfanoni, ana ba da waɗannan gudummawar daga harajin kamfanoni. Amma ma'aikata na iya zama mai cire haraji duk gudummawa ga shirin fansho har zuwa kusan € 8.000 tare da iyakar 30% na kuɗin ku.

Sufuri

Hanya ce wacce kamfani zai iya biyan ƙaura daga ma'aikatanta kuma suna fa'ida ta rashin biyansu. Ma'aikacin bazai biya musu haraji har zuwa akalla € 1.500 a shekara kuma per 136'36 duk wata.

Kamfanoni na iya zaɓar biyan kuɗi don jigilar kaya azaman nau'in biyan kuɗi da haɓaka tattalin arziki

Hakanan zamu iya haɗawa anan cewa kamfanin yana ba da motar kamfanin, a cikin wannan halin za a keɓe shi daga biyan 20% na ƙimar sabon abin hawa.

Inshorar lafiya

Yana da kyakkyawan aiki gama gari tsakanin manyan kamfanoni. Duk ma'aikata da masu zaman kansu za'a fara cire € 500 na farko a shekara idan ka dauki inshorar lafiya. A matsayin fa'ida, ba a biyan harajin inshorar alhaki na ma'aikaci ko inshorar haɗarin aiki.

Binciken rana

Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka fi so ga waɗanda suke da yara. Ana amfani da cak na kulawar rana don biyan kuɗin yara tsakanin shekaru 0 zuwa 3 waɗanda suka je cibiyoyin kulawa da yara da kuma cibiyoyin yara. Kamar yadda yake tare da tikitin gidan abinci, waɗannan sune kebe daga biyan harajin samun kudin shiga kuma a matsayin fa'ida babu iyakar wata ko shekara don waɗannan cak.

Ayyuka da horo

La riba biyu Cewa biyan bashin kwasa-kwasan da horon ga ma'aikaci da kamfanin yana cikin bukatun kowanne. A gefe guda, ma'aikaci zai sami 'yanci ya sami wannan horon wanda shi ma na filin da yake aiki ne. A gefe guda kuma, don kamfanin ya sami damar samun kwararrun ma’aikata a yankunansu.


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