Masu canji na tattalin arziki

Yana da mahimmanci a saba da daban-daban masanan tattalin arziki, don sanin abin da suke da shi da kuma yadda suke tasiri a matsayinmu na 'yan ƙasa.

Saboda wannan dalili, a ƙasa za mu gaya muku duk abin da ya danganci masu canji na tattalin arziki da kuma tattalin arziki.

Masu canji na macroeconomic, menene don su?

La dalilin masu canji na tattalin arziki, mai da hankali kan gano wane nau'in ayyukan tattalin arziƙi a cikin ƙasa kuma a matsayin tushe sun gaskata cewa zai canza cikin watanni cikin wannan wurin. Don aiwatar da waɗannan ƙididdigar, abin da aka yi shi ne la'akari da wasu alamomi ta yadda zamu san halin tattalin arzikin kasar, menene matakinsu na gasar duniya kuma ina kasar ta dosa.

Bayan gudanar da wannan binciken zaku iya sani waɗanne kamfanoni ne mafi kyawun aiki a cikin ƙasar kuma har ila yau, don sanar da waɗanne kamfanoni suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan ƙasar.

Abin da za a iya amfani da karatun tattalin arzikin tattalin arziki

Za'a iya amfani da karatun masu canjin yanayin tattalin arziki don siyan kamfani ɗaya ko fiye a cikin ƙasa. Macroeconomics yana da mahimmanci saboda shine wanda ta hanyar ka'idoji da shawarwarin siyasa, na kasafin kudi da na kudi.

Ta hanyar Masanan tattalin arziki zasu iya sanin daidaituwar farashin abubuwa a cikin ƙasa akan kasuwa kyauta. An fahimci cewa kasar ta daidaita ne lokacin da farashin bai hau ko sauka a kowane lokaci ba.

Yanayin siyasa da bambancin tattalin arziki

Nazarin da aka yi don sani bambance-bambancen macroeconomic, ya kamata a koyaushe a aiwatar da su don su iya tantance kowane irin hadari na siyasa ga tattalin arzikin yanzu ko tattalin arzikin gaba.

Lokacin da aka karɓi saka hannun jari daga ƙasashen waje, wannan haɗarin ya ninka sau biyu tunda gwamnatin da ke siyarwa na iya ɓoye ayyukan ko ma ƙwace kadarorin kamfanonin.

Wadanne dabaru ake amfani dasu

Ana iya yin hakan ta daidaita daidaitattun shigar kuɗi a cikin aikin. Hakanan zaka iya yin ta ta amfani da ragin rangwamen da aka daidaita zuwa haɗarin jimlar kasafin kuɗin ƙasar.

Hanyar da ta dace don yin hakan ita ce daidaita tsabar kudi akan ayyukan mutum masu amfani da tsarin duniya don ayyuka daban-daban.

Abin da ke faruwa yayin saka hannun jari a ƙasashen waje

Yaushe ake karbarsu? saka hannun jari na kasashen waje.

Ana iya yin hakan ta daidaita daidaitattun shigar kuɗi a cikin aikin. Hakanan zaka iya yin ta ta amfani da ragin rangwame wanda aka daidaita zuwa haɗarin jimlar kasafin kuɗin ƙasar.

Hanyar da ta dace don yin wannan ita ce ta daidaita canjin kuɗi a kan ayyukan mutum ɗaya wanda ke amfani da daidaitaccen duniya don ayyuka daban-daban.

Menene mahimmancin canjin tattalin arzikin macroeconomic

Nan gaba zamuyi duba na kusa da mafi mahimmancin canjin tattalin arzikin macroeconomic:

Jimillar kayan cikin gida

A tsakanin masu canjin yanayin tattalin arziki, ɗayan abubuwan farko da aka ɗauka shine GDP. Wannan shine ƙimar sabis da kayan ƙasar da kamfanoni ke samarwa. Mutanen da ke aiki a yankin yayin takamaiman lokaci ana kidaya su. Yankunan tattalin arzikin da suke a wannan yanayin sune na farko, na sakandare da na gaba da firamare.

Domin samun ainihin canji na tattalin arziki, duk kayan da aka samar a waccan ƙasar dole ne a kula da su, ba tare da la'akari da an sayar da su ko a'a ba. Jimlar komai ya hada har da kamfanonin duniya. Misali, idan muna neman canjin Spain, kamfanonin kasashen waje suma za'a yi la'akari dasu.

Labari mai dangantaka:

GDP ta ƙasa

Kudin haɗari

Darajar haɗari ko haɗarin ƙasa, shi ne abu na biyu da dole ne a yi la'akari da shi yayin lissafin bambance-bambancen tattalin arzikin macroeconomic. Adadin haɗarin shine ƙimar da masu saka jari ke bayarwa yayin siyan bashin ƙasa.

Wannan ƙarin kuɗin ana buƙata ga duk masu saka jari su sayi shaidu a kowace ƙasa. Ana ba masu saka hannun jari nasara idan suka ɗauki kasada na saye a cikin ƙasashe don samun kyakkyawan dawowa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Ta yaya ƙimar haɗarin ke shafar kasuwar hannun jari?

Yaya ake kirga wannan kimar?

Duk ƙasashe suna bayar da shaidu waɗanda aka yi musayar su kasuwanni na biyu kuma a cikin wacce aka saita kudin ruwa gwargwadon bukata. Ana lasafta farashin daga banbancin da ke tsakanin lamunin shekaru 10 da wata kasa a Tarayyar Turai ta samu, idan aka kwatanta da na Jamus.

Kiba

Hauhawar farashi na daya daga cikin masanan tattalin arziki mafi mahimmanci, saboda shine wanda ke nuna kai tsaye ƙimar farashi ta hanyar gama gari.

Gabaɗaya, ana yin asusu na shekara guda kuma wannan ba kawai ya haɗa da kayan ƙasa ba, har ma duk sabis.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Menene hauhawar farashin kaya?

Menene abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin hauhawar farashi

A cikin kumbura akwai dalilai da yawa. Daya daga cikin manyan sune da bukatar; Lokacin da bukatar wata kasa ta karu, amma kasar ba ta shirya mata ba, sai a samu tashin farashin.

Na biyun shine da tayin. Lokacin da wannan ya faru saboda farashin masu kera sun fara ƙaruwa kuma suna fara haɓaka farashin don kiyaye ribar su.

Daga zamantakewar al'umma. Wannan yana faruwa idan har ana tsammanin ƙaruwar farashin a nan gaba, amma masu tara kuɗi sun fara cajin da tsada sosai kafin lokaci.

Yawan sha'awa a cikin bambancin tattalin arzikin macroeconomic

Wani mahimmin lamari ne wanda ake la'akari dashi don bambancin tattalin arzikin macroeconomic. A cikin ƙasa, mafi mahimmancin kuɗin ruwa shine waɗanda babban bankin ya kafa. Kudaden da gwamnati ke bayarwa ga bankuna kuma wadannan bankunan a daya bangaren suna ba wasu bankunan ko kuma daidaikun mutane.
Lokacin da aka ba da wannan kuɗin, ya dogara da ƙimar ribar wancan banki kuma dole ne a mayar da shi tare da sauran kuɗin.

Kudin canji

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin macroeconomic masu canji shine musayar musayar. Kudin musaya koyaushe ana aunawa tsakanin manyan kuɗaɗe biyu kuma Babban Bankin Turai ya yanke shawarar wannan. Kudin musaya na daga cikin mahimman lamura idan aka zo batun sanin ko an karya darajar kudin kasar ko kuma an sake ta.

Balance na biya

Balance na biya Abu ne da dole ne koyaushe a tuna dashi yayin ƙoƙarin sanin masanan tattalin arziki. Anan, abin da aka kidaya shine hanyoyin hada-hadar kudi da kasa ke samu a wani lokaci, wanda yawanci shekara guda ce.

A cikin daidaiton biya akwai nau'ikan da yawa don lissafin bambancin tattalin arziki:

• Balance na kasuwanci. Balance na ciniki shine wanda ke bada lissafin fitar da nau'ikan kaya, da kuma nau'ikan kudaden shiga.
• Balance na kaya da aiyuka. Anan an daidaita ma'aunin ciniki da daidaitattun ayyuka. Anan ne sabis na sufuri, jigilar kayayyaki, inshora da sabis na yawon buɗe ido, kowane nau'i na samun kuɗi da taimakon fasaha suka shigo.
• Balance na lissafi na yanzu. Anan an kara kaya da sabis na ƙasa, ban da ayyukan da aka aiwatar ta hanyar canja wuri. Wannan daidaiton ya hada har da batun dawo da bakin haure da suka shigo kasar, taimakon kasashen duniya da ake baiwa kasashe da dama ko kuma gudummawar da ake bayarwa ga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.
• Matakan asali. Anan, muna da jimlar asusun yanzu tare da manyan biranen dogon lokaci.

Rashin aikin yi a matsayin babban bambance-bambancen tattalin arzikin kasa

Rashin aikin yi a kasa shine yawan marasa aikin yi da wata kasa ta samu. Ma'anar mutum mara aiki shine mutumin da yake son yin aiki amma ba zai iya samun aiki ba kuma ba duk mutanen ƙasar da basa aiki bane a lokacin.

Don sani rashin aikin yi na kasa, Dole ne a dauki yawan mutanen da ba su da aikin yi sama da yawan masu aiki.
Idan za'a ce mutum ya shiga ma'aikata, dole ne ya haura shekaru 16. A cikin Spain, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu wanda za'a iya auna yawan rashin aikin yi kuma sune sabis na aikin ƙasa ko binciken ma'aikata.

Manufofin wadata da buƙatu a cikin bambancin tattalin arziki

A wannan yanayin, alamun alamun sune waɗanda ke gaya mana game da tayin tattalin arziki na ƙasa. Daga cikin waɗannan alamun akwai alamun wadatar masana'antu, alamomin gini da alamun sabis.
Game da alamomin buƙatu, alamomi ne na amfani, alamun masu buƙatar saka hannun jari kuma a ƙarshe waɗanda suke da alaƙa da kasuwancin waje.

Demandididdigar buƙata da wadata

Wannan samfurin yi kokarin ayyana tattalin arzikin yanzu nazarin samar da wani zamani da farashin da ake ciki ta hanyar wadatarwa da ayyukan buƙatu. Shine kayan aiki na yau da kullun don nazarin sauye-sauye daban-daban a cikin samarwa da farashi godiya ga samfurin lissafi wanda za'a iya wakiltar shi da zane. Godiya ga wannan kayan aikin, yana aiki ne don tallafawa don fahimtar sakamakon manufofi daban-daban na tattalin arziƙi kuma sakamakon haka don samun damar nazarin tasirin masu canji tattalin arzikin macroeconomic.

Abubuwan da aka gudanar don aiwatar da wannan binciken sune na wadata da buƙatun ƙididdiga.

• Tara tara: Wakilcin kasuwa ne na kayayyaki da aiyuka. Ya ƙunshi amfani da keɓaɓɓu, saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa, kashe kuɗaɗen jama'a, kuma a cikin yanayin tattalin tattalin arziƙin fitarwa (fitarwa ba tare da shigo da ita ba).
• Bayar da aka kara: Jimlar kayayyaki ne da ayyuka waɗanda ake miƙawa a farashin matsakaita daban-daban. Don haka ana amfani da wannan samfurin don nazarin hauhawar farashi, haɓaka, rashin aikin yi kuma, a takaice, rawar da manufofin kuɗi ke takawa.

Masu canji na tattalin arziki: menene su?

Shin waɗancan masu canji ne shafi halin mutum na tattalin arziki. Suna iya zama duka kamfanoni da masu amfani, masu saka jari, ma'aikata da alaƙar su da kasuwanni. Abubuwan da suka shigo cikin wasan don bincika yawanci kaya ne, farashi, kasuwanni da wakilai daban-daban na tattalin arziki.

Dogaro da wane wakili aka karanta, wasu karatun ko wasu suna amfani. Misali a cikin masu amfani, ana ɗaukar ka'idar mai amfani. Daga nan, abubuwan da kuke so, kasafin kudi, amfanin samfuran da nau'ikan kaya, suna baku damar sanin yadda amfani zai kasance. Hakanan, ga kamfanoni, akwai ka'idar mai samarda azaman aikin samarwa, haɓaka riba da kuma rarar tsada. Game da kasuwanni, tsarin da sifofin kamfani cikakke da ajizai ana yin nazarin su.