An sami kamfanoni biyu da suka wuce abin da ake tsammani a cikin sakamakon kasuwancin su a farkon rubu'in shekara a lokuta masu rikitarwa sakamakon tasirin fadada kwayar cutar ta coronavirus. Waɗannan kamfanonin da aka jera sune Endesa da Repsol, waɗanda suka inganta sakamakon su akan sauran kamfanonin yanzu waɗanda suke cikin jerin abubuwan da aka zaɓa na ƙasar mu. Misali, Inditex kuma gabaɗaya dukkan bankunan da suka sami raguwar sakamakon su kuma hakan yana nuni ne ga mummunan tasirin wannan kwayar cutar a ɓangaren tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na ƙasarmu.
Sakamakon da aka samu, duka daga Endesa da Repsol, sun yi aiki don tabbatar da cewa hannayen jarinsu sun yaba da kasuwannin kuɗi ta hanya mai ƙarfi. Tare da godiya na 4% da 13% akan asalinsu na asali tare da shigowar sabbin kanana da matsakaitan masu saka jari da nufin sanya ajiyar su ta riba a wasu lokuta masu wahalar gaske don saka hannun jari a kasuwar hannayen jari. A cikin wannan yanayin, yana iya zama ƙimomi biyu waɗanda suka fi kyau fiye da sauran daga yanzu saboda amintaccen da suka samar tsakanin wasu wakilan kuɗi. Kuma menene mafi mahimmanci, a lokacin da kwayar cutar ta corona ta haifar da mummunan rauni a cikin Gross Home Product (GDP) na ƙasarmu.
Duk da yake a gefe guda, ba za a iya mantawa da cewa a cikin waɗannan lamura guda biyu an sami ci gaba sosai a fannin fasaha ba. Tare da ci gaba mai tasowa a cikin abin da ke nufin dogon lokaci kuma saboda haka ya gayyaci sabbin hanyoyin shigar kuɗi don faruwa daga yanzu zuwa. Babban abin birgewa game da batun kamfanin mai lokacin da farashin ɗanyen yake a ƙarancin tarihi ta hanyar ciniki ƙasa da $ 20 kowace ganga. Bayan faduwa a cikin farashin su bayan karuwar abin da suke samarwa a makwannin da suka gabata kuma hakan ya haifar da rashin tabbas a duk kasuwannin hadahadar kudade na duniya. Ya kasance daidai da koma bayan tattalin arziki a duk tattalin arzikin duniya, inda raguwar gaskiya ce.
Endesa da Repsol sun wuce tsammanin
A kowane hali, mafi mahimmanci game da sakamakon kasuwancin su shine sun kasance sama da ƙimar masana. Sabili da haka, ya zama abin mamakin gaske ga ƙanana da matsakaitan masu saka jari waɗanda suka sami ƙimar da za su iya zama mafaka a cikin halin da ake ciki yanzu. Idan aka ba da wannan yanayin, ba rashin hankali ba ne cewa waɗannan shawarwarin kan kasuwar hannayen jari za a iya sake darajar su a cikin watanni masu zuwa na wannan kwata na biyu. Don lalata, alal misali, bankuna, waɗanda suke cikin halin free faduwa kuma cewa basu dace sosai ba ga bude mukamai a kasuwannin hada-hadar kudade na duniya. A cikin sauye-sauye game da dabarun masu amfani game da jarin jarin su don samun wadatar kuɗin su mai riba.
A gefe guda, yana da kyau a fayyace gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ƙimar darajar hannayen jari guda biyu sun ga raguwar faduwar da suka tara tun farkon makonnin Maris. Daga inda suka rage daraja a duka al'amuran a matakan sama da 30%. Kuma ta wata hanya, wanda gaskiyar cewa Babban Bankin Turai (ECB) ya sake nunawa cewa yana shirye don taimakawa tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen da cutar ta coronavirus ta fi shafa. Inda Repsol ya kasance ɗayan waɗanda aka fi shafawa ƙima a kan kasuwar hannayen jari, yana zuwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kaɗan daga Yuro 12 zuwa Yuro 7. Tare da yanke kusan rabin akan farashin sa na asali.
Repsol, raguwar 27%
A farkon kwata na 2020, Repsol ya sami daidaitaccen sakamakon sakamakon miliyan 447, wanda ke wakiltar a 27,7% ragu idan aka kwatanta da miliyan 618 na makamancin lokacin bara. Wannan sakamakon, wanda ke auna halin halayyar kasuwancin kamfanin, an same shi ne a cikin yanayin mawuyacin yanayi na musamman, wanda aka yi alama da faduwar farashin mai da gas, da kuma raguwar ƙaƙƙarfar buƙata ta hanyar COVID-19 XNUMX. Repsol ta ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyoyinta suna kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajan hidimtawa jama'a a cikin rikicin kiwon lafiyar duniya.
A wani bangaren kuma, tsarin hadahadar kasuwancin kamfanin, tare da sassaucin ra'ayi da juriya, sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga kasuwancin ta don samun kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin wannan mummunan yanayin. Matsakaicin farashin danyen Brent da WTI ya fadi da kashi 21% da 17%, bi da bi, idan aka kwatanta da watanni ukun farko na shekarar 2019. A karshen kwata, Brent na cinikin kasa da $ 20 ganga daya. Dangane da iskar gas, raguwar ta fi zama bazata, tare da faduwa tsakanin 36% a yanayin Henry Hub, da kuma 56% a cikin Algonquin.
Ingantawa a cikin rarar ku
Ala kulli halin, kamfanin matatar mai na ƙasa yanzu ya sami nasarar ƙimar sake kimantawa da bayar da shawara mai yawa fiye da 'yan watannin da suka gabata. Yayin da akasin haka, ya ɗaga ribar ribarsa ta aan maki kaɗan. Kasancewa ta kowane hali ɗayan darajar darajar hannun jari wanda ke ba da ƙimar riba mai ƙarfi ga ƙananan da matsakaitan masu saka jari. A matsayin ƙarin kwarin gwiwa ta yadda ƙanana da matsakaitan masu saka jari za su iya ba da jarin su. Tare da wasan kwaikwayon da yake kusa sosai 9% matakan, sama da sauran shawarwari a kasuwannin daidaiton ƙasarmu.
A gefe guda, ba za a iya mantawa da cewa wannan kamfani ya sami matsala sosai sakamakon faduwar farashin danyen mai. Har takai ga cewa wannan al'amari ya kai matakin kasa da shamaki na $ 20 akan kowacce ganga. A wannan yanayin, layin kasuwancin Repsol na iya fuskantar mummunan tasiri a wurare masu zuwa sakamakon wannan mawuyacin halin da wannan kadarar kuɗi ke fuskanta. Inda babu wasu analystan manazarta waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa tsohuwar farashin za ta ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don ziyarta kuma wannan gaskiyar na iya haifar da Repsol don samun ƙarin matsaloli don karya shingen Euro 10 a kowane fanni, aƙalla game da mafi gajeren lokacin.
Endesa tare da fa'idodi
Endesa ta rufe farkon kwata na 2020 tare da kyakkyawan sakamako sakamakon gudanar da kasuwar sassauci, wanda aka ƙara daidaituwar kasuwar da aka tsara. Wadannan kyawawan sakamako suna nuna tasirin shigar da karfi cikin sabon Yarjejeniyar gama kai da kuma rikodin wasu tanade-tanade na sake fasalin ma'aikata, wadanda suka haifar da kyakkyawan tasiri na Yuro miliyan 267 akan sakamakon da aka samu. Inara yawan riba, ban da waɗannan tasirin na ban mamaki, ya kasance 59%.
Demandididdigar buƙatar wutar lantarki ta ragu da kashi 3,2% idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin a cikin 2019 (-2,8% bayan gyara tasirin aiki da zafin jiki). A cikin Nonananan Yankuna (TNP), raguwar ta kasance 5% a cikin Tsibirin Balearic da 1,4% a cikin Canary Islands (-3,2% da -1%, bi da bi, bayan gyara tasirin aiki da zafin jiki).
Tabbas esYanayin ya ta'azara ne ta hanyar sanarwar halin tashin hankali, wanda ya rage buƙata sosai a lokacin rabin rabin Maris. A kowane hali, tasirin da annobar ta haifar ba ta da wani tasiri a kan sakamakon kwata na farko. Kashi na farko na shekarar 2020 ya kasance yana da ƙarancin farashi a kasuwar wutar lantarki ta ɗumbin ɗumula (~ Yuro 35 a kan MWh, -37%) sakamakon haka, galibi, game da raguwar buƙata, haɓakar ƙarfin kuzari, raguwa a cikin farashin haƙƙin carbon dioxide (CO2) da canjin farashin albarkatun ƙasa.
Ta wannan fuskar, Shugaban Kamfanin Endesa, José Bogas, ya bayyana cewa “Kyakkyawan sakamakon Endesa a farkon zangon farko zai taimaka mana mu tunkari tabbacin tasirin COVID-19 a zangon na biyu. Kamfanin ya riga ya fara duk ayyukan gini don wuraren shakatawa na sabuntawa, kuma muna da cikakkiyar himma ga saka hannun jari da aka hango a cikin shirinmu na dabaru. Har ma muna nazarin yiwuwar hanzarta wannan shirin, musamman a cikin iska da hasken rana, domin taimakawa farfado da tattalin arziki ta hanyar samar da ayyukan yi da samar da arziki ”.
Yadda ake saka hannun jari a Spain
Spain ita ce tattalin arziki na 13 a duniya don ƙididdigar ƙimar cikin gida (GDP) da 15th don ikon mallakar sayayya (PPP). Kodayake tattalin arzikin ya sha wahala sosai a lokacin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, tun daga lokacin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu saurin tattalin arziki a Turai. Masu saka jari na kasa da kasa sun sabunta sha’awarsu ga tattalin arzikin kasar yayin da farfadowar tattalin arzikinta ke ci gaba da samun tagomashi a kan lokaci.
Gasar tattalin arziki. Tattalin arzikin Spain ya fi mayar da hankali kan ayyuka (71%), masana'antu (14%) da gini (10%), tare da sauran haɓakar tattalin arzikin da ke zuwa daga aikin noma da makamashi. A cikin wadannan bangarorin, kasar nan gida ce ga manyan kamfanoni da dama na duniya, gami da kamfanin samar da makamashi mai sabunta Iberdrola da kamfanonin sadarwa kamar Telefónica da Movistar.
Rahoton Gasar Duniya na 2018 ya lissafa tattalin arzikin Spain a matsayin na 26 da ya ci gaba a fannin samar da ababen more rayuwa a duniya. Wadannan martaba suna sanya shi gaban tattalin arzikin da suka ci gaba kamar China, Italiya da Fotigal, tare da tsarin jirgin ƙasa mai saurin tafiya da ingantattun kayan fasaha.
Zuba jari a Spain tare da ETFs
Hanya mafi sauki don saka hannun jari a Spain ita ce ta amfani da ETFs na ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda ke ba da bazuwar nan take cikin ciniki guda ɗaya da ake kasuwanci a Amurka. Ta hanyar samun kamfanoni daban-daban na kamfanoni da suka shafi sassa da yawa, masu saka hannun jari ba dole su damu da yawa game da haɗarin haɗari ko saye da siyar da fayil na hannun jari na mutum ba. Kasuwancin shine cewa waɗannan kuɗin suna cajin rarar kuɗi kaɗan, wanda zai iya rage yawan dawo da lokaci akan lokaci.
Manyan shahararrun ETF ɗin Mutanen Espanya sun haɗa da:
- iShares MSCI Spain ppedaddamar da ETF (EWP)
- iShares Currency Mai Amfani da MSCI Spain ETF (HEWP)
- SPDR MSCI Spain Ingantaccen Haɗin ETF (QESP)
- Deutsche X-Trackers MSCI Spain Masu Amintaccen Adalci ETF (DBSP)
Akwai dalilai da yawa da yakamata masu saka jari na ƙasa da ƙasa suyi la'akari kafin saka hannun jari a cikin waɗannan ETFs. Gabaɗaya, yakamata masu saka jari su nemi ETFs tare da rarar kuɗi mafi ƙarancin la'akari duk wani abu daidai yake da haɓaka dawo. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ga masu saka hannun jari suyi la'akari da haɗarin ɗaukar fayil tare da ETFs waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan takamaiman ɓangarorin tattalin arziki da haɗarin ruwa da ke haɗe da ETF waɗanda ba safai ake cinikin su ba.
Zuba jari a Spain tare da ADRs
Takardun ajiya na Amurka - ko ADRs - wata hanya ce mai sauƙi don saka hannun jari a Spain ba tare da buɗe asusun ajiya a ƙasashen waje ba. Wadannan matakan tsaro suna da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa kwandon hannun jari na ƙasashen waje kuma ana cinikin su akan musayar hannun jari na Amurka, wanda ke nufin masu saka hannun jari basu da damuwa game da tasirin haraji na ribar babban ƙasashen waje. Yawancin waɗannan kuɗaɗen ana cinikin su ne akan musayar ƙasashe kamar su Kasuwancin Hannun Jari na New York wanda zai iya zama mafi ruwa fiye da musayar OTC.
ADRs mafi mashahuri Mutanen Espanya sun haɗa da:
- Bankin Santander (SAN)
- Waya (TEF)
- Yaren Abengoa (ABGB)
- Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Darajar musayar kudi
- Grifol (GRFS)
Bugu da ƙari, akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda masu saka hannun jari na duniya yakamata suyi la'akari da hankali kafin siyan ADRs. Mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci yawanci yawan kuɗi ne, musamman ma game da ADRs waɗanda ake kasuwanci akan kasuwannin OTC. Tunda hannun jari na ƙasashen waje yana da karancin mabiya na cikin gida, yawancin ADRs suna kasuwanci ƙananan rarar kuɗi kowace rana fiye da hannun jari na gida, wanda zai iya sa shi cikin haɗari lokacin da mai saka jari yayi ƙoƙarin siye ko siyarwa cikin farashi mai kyau.
Sakamakon karshe
Kasar Spain ta zama sanannen matattarar masu saka jari yayin da tattalin arzikinta ke ci gaba da murmurewa daga rikicin kudi na shekarar 2008. A matsayinta na daya daga cikin kasashen Turai masu saurin bunkasa a shekarar 2015, masu saka jari na kasashen duniya na iya son yin duba na tsanaki kan tattalin arzikin da ya taba yin tasiri. Spanish ETFs da ADRs su ne hanyoyi mafi sauƙi guda biyu don saka hannun jari a cikin ƙasa ba tare da fuskantar wahalar buɗe asusun ajiya a ƙasashen waje da biyan haraji ba. Tare da waɗannan nasihar a zuciya, masu saka jari na ƙasa da ƙasa na iya haɗawa da fallasawa ga wannan tattalin arzikin da ke da fa'ida a cikin ma'aikatun su.
Zuba jari a cikin tubali
Farashin gidajen Sipaniya ya ƙaru da kashi 4,68% a cikin shekarar har zuwa kashi na uku na shekarar 2019 (4,36% an daidaita shi don hauhawar farashi), wanda ke wakiltar raguwa idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar 7,16% shekarar da ta gabata da kuma saurin tafiya tun bayan kwata na huɗu na 2016 , a cewar National Institute of Statistics (INE). A kowane kwata, farashin gida ya karu da 1.58% a cikin kwata na uku na 2019 (an gyara 2.26% don kumbura).
Ta hanyar nau'in dukiya:
Gidajen da ke akwai: Farashi ya ƙaru da 4.41% a cikin shekara zuwa kashi na uku na 2019 (4.08% an daidaita shi don kumbura), haɓakar da ta ragu a cikin shekaru uku.
Sabbin gidaje: farashin ya karu da kashi 6.64% a shekara a cikin zango na uku na shekarar 2019 (an daidaita kashi 6.31% akan hauhawar farashi), bayan karuwar shekara-shekara na 7.17% a karo na biyu na shekarar 2019, 10.35% a farkon zangon shekarar 2019, 8.03 % a cikin kwata na huɗu na 2018 da 6.13% a cikin kwata na uku na 2018.
Bankin na Spain ya ba da rahoton ƙara ƙarancin farashin gidan. A cikin shekarar har zuwa kashi na uku na shekarar 2019, farashin gidaje a duk ƙasar ya ƙaru da ƙananan 3,07% (an daidaita 2,75% don kumbura). A kowane kwata, farashin gida ya tashi da ƙananan 0,05% a cikin kwata na uku na 2019 (an daidaita 0,73% don hauhawar farashi).
Bayan tsawon shekaru bakwai na faduwar farashin gida, kasuwar sifaniyanci ta sake fadada a 2015. Kudin gidan na Sipaniya ya fadi da kashi 36,3% (-42,9% don hauhawar farashi) daga kashi na uku na 2007 zuwa zangon farko na 2015 , kuma farashin gida da ake dasu ya faɗi kamar 43,1% (-49% an daidaita shi don kumbura), a cewar ƙididdigar INE. Akwai wurare 24 a jere na raguwar shekara-shekara.
Buƙatar hankali na tafiyar hawainiya. Cinikin gida a Spain ya fadi da kashi 3,1% a cikin farkon watanni goma na 2019 idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin na shekarar da ta gabata, zuwa raka'a 427.638, bayan ƙaruwa da 10,8% a 2018, 15,4% a 2017, 14% a 2016 da 11,5% a 2015, a cewar Cibiyar Kididdiga ta Kasa (INE). Adadin ma'amaloli na gidajen masu hannu biyu ya ragu da 4% amma ya ƙaru da kashi 1,3% na sabbin gidajen da aka gina.
A ƙarshe, tuna cewa Tabbas wannan esYanayin ya ta'azara ne ta hanyar sanarwar halin tashin hankali, wanda ya rage buƙata sosai a lokacin rabin rabin Maris. A kowane hali, tasirin da annobar ta haifar ba ta da wani tasiri a kan sakamakon kwata na farko. Inda ba za a iya mantawa ba cewa akwai kamfanoni biyu da suka wuce abin da ake tsammani a sakamakon kasuwancinsu a farkon zangon shekarar a lokuta masu matukar rikitarwa sakamakon tasirin fadada kwayar cutar ta coronavirus.