Lokacin da muka nemi aiki ɗayan batutuwan da galibi muke la'akari da su shine albashi; Kamar yadda ake nema cewa wannan ya dace da lokacin da aka saka hannun jari, da kuma ayyukan da aka aiwatar, tare da la'akari da ikon mutum na yin aikin ta hanyar da ta dace kuma hakan yana amfanar da tattalin arzikin kamfanin. Yanzu, nawa ne lokacinmu da gaske? Nawa ne muke buƙatar samun don biyan bukatunmu?
Daya daga cikin mafi yawan shakku shine sanin bambanci tsakanin albashi na ainihi da na ɗan lokaciSaboda haka, a ƙasa za mu yi bayanin abin da kowannensu ya ƙunsa da yadda suka bambanta.
Menene albashi?
Da farko, dole ne ku san hakan albashi shine kuɗin da ma'aikaci ke karba, yawanci lokaci -lokaci (yawanci watan ne). Daga wannan za ku iya bambanta albashi na ainihi da ainihin albashi, wanda zan yi bayani a ƙasa:
Ka'idojin albashi maras kyau da hakikanin albashi
Akwai kalmomi biyu don nuna albashin da mutum yake da shi, anan tambaya ta taso game da dalilin da yasa ake buƙata kalmomi biyu don albashi ɗaya, tun da kasancewar akwai biyu ba yana nufin cewa an karɓi waɗancan albashin biyu ba ne, sai dai waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna aiki ne don nuna abubuwa biyu da ake ɗauka da muhimmanci game da albashin; wadannan sharuddan sune albashi maras kyau da ainihin albashi, Gaba, za a yi taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da kowannensu ya ƙunsa.
Albashi na noman
Kalmar albashi maras muhimmanci yana nufin albashi a zahiri bayyana a cikin kudi; Jimlar kuɗi ne da ake biyan ma'aikaci don aikin da aka gudanar a ranar da aka kayyade. Lokacin da muke magana akan albashin maras suna, ba za mu iya ba mu cikakken ra'ayi game da matakin ko ainihin darajar albashi. Hakikanin ƙimar wannan albashin ya dogara da ƙimar farashin da ya dace da abubuwan amfani na mutum, har ila yau akan ƙimar ayyukan da ake buƙata, da kuma ƙimar haraji, a tsakanin sauran kuɗin gama gari.
A halin yanzu, a waɗancan ƙasashe inda tsarin da ke jagorantar mallakar shi ne Jari-hujja, duk da faruwar wani abin a bayyane karuwa a cikin bayyana albashi dangane da ƙimar kuɗin saAbin da ake la'akari da shi a matsayin ainihin albashin da ma'aikata ke karɓa na iya raguwa saboda ƙarin farashin abubuwan da ake ɗauka a matsayin abubuwan amfani na yau da kullun, yana nufin cin da ma'aikacin ke yi don biyan buƙatun sa; Wannan raguwar darajar kuma saboda karuwar nauyin haraji ne, wannan saboda manufar jihar shine cewa ma'aikata sune suke daukar dukkan nauyin da ake samu saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki da nauyin da aikin kere-kere ya haifar.
Akasin haka, a cikin al'ummomin da tsarin ke ƙarƙashin tsarin gurguzu, kari a cikin maras albashi -daman idan aka koma ga rukunin ma'aikata da ma'aikata wadanda suke karbar karancin albashi-, a lokacin da yake tare da rage farashin na kayan masarufi na yau da kullun ga ma'aikata, abin da ake kira hakikanin albashin dukkan ma'aikata ya ƙaru sosai. Wani muhimmin bangare wanda yake shine wannan shine kari na karancin albashi, wanda aka bayar ta asusun masu amfani da zamantakewar al'umma, waɗanda aka shirya don saduwa da buƙatun gama gari na dukkan membobin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin gurguzu. Ididdigar da theasar Socialist ta yi da kuma sauran ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar waɗanda aka kirkira don waɗannan dalilai, suna haɓaka mai aiki kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kuɗin da ma'aikata ke karɓa. Yayin da samar da zamantakewar ke karuwa kuma a lokaci guda cancantar ma'aikata ke tashi, kadan kadan da matakin albashin ma'aikata, ma'aikata da masu hankali zasu kusanci har sai sun kasance a matakin daya.
Hakikanin albashi
Wannan ma'anar tana nufin albashin da aka bayyana dangane da abubuwan rayuwa da aiyuka wanda ma'aikaci ke da shi tare da albashin sa; Yana nuna adadin kayan masarufin da ma'aikacin zai iya samu, da kuma sabis ɗin da ma'aikaci zai iya saya tare da ɗan ƙarancin albashinsa (wanda ake gudanarwa cikin adadin kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke karɓa). Thatimar da za a iya ba wa ainihin ladan ya dogara da la'akari da yawa, shigar da wasu daga cikinsu ya dogara da girman albashi maras muhimmanci, wani factor shi ne matakin farashin wanda ya dace da kayan masarufi da kuma matakin farashin sabis, ana kuma tantance girman su ta hanyar kuɗin haya saboda harajin da gwamnatoci ke ɗora wa ma'aikata.
A cikin ƙasashe waɗanda Jari-hujja ke mulkinsu, abin da yakan faru shine farashin abu sannan kuma na ayyuka, ban da kuɗin haya da haraji, suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Gwagwarmayar aji da ke cikin waɗannan tsarin yana haifar da sauya albashi ma. Kusan doka ce ta jari hujja cewa hakikanin albashin ma'aikaci nuna hali ta yadda zai rage. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin jari-hujja, wani abin da ya faru wanda ke shafar ainihin albashi, sarrafa kansa na ayyukan masana'antu da samarwar da ake aiwatarwa, ya ƙunshi gaskiyar ƙaruwar ma'aikata da ma'aikata waɗanda ke ƙasa da ƙasa. gwani kuma saboda haka wadannan ma'aikata karɓi ƙaramin albashi na ɗan lokaci wanda har ya zuwa wani lokaci yana shafar girman ainihin albashin.
Kodayake gwagwarmayar ajin tana haifar da karin albashi, gaskiyar magana ita ce hauhawar albashin ba zai iya ragin raguwar girman albashin ba, tunda sauran abubuwan da ke tantance shi, kamar farashin abubuwan amfani da haraji waɗanda ake buƙata sun haɓaka da sauri fiye da ƙimar albashi. Ta wannan hanyar zamu iya gano cewa yanayin gabaɗaya, duk da ƙaramar albashi, shine kowane lokaci ma'aikaci bai iya siyan kayayyakin masarufi na yau da kullun. Hanyar da gwamnati ko hukumomin da ke kula da suka da daidaita wadannan lamura suke kirga matsakaicin albashin ma'aikata na ma'aikata bai dace da takamaiman kungiyoyi a cikin al'umma ba amma ga adadin albashin ma'aikata tare da na ma'aikata. Ma'aikata masu albashi mai tsoka, suna ƙarawa da manajan kamfani da daraktoci, sauran membobin al'umma, ko albashin da suke gabatarwa ƙarami ne ko babba.
A karkashin gwamnatocin da akidar gurguzu ke jagoranta, ana gudanar da wannan batun ta wata hanyar daban saboda albashin ba ya daga darajar ma'aikata, wannan yana nufin cewa Albashin ma'aikaci baya dogara da horar da wannan, amma maimakon haka yana da alaƙa da dalilai masu inganci wanda ake gabatar da sakamakon ma'aikaci; Maimakon haka, yana wakiltar bayyana a cikin kuɗin ɓangaren kuɗin shigar ƙasa wanda ya dace da ma'aikata da ma'aikata na kamfani ko masana'antu don ɗaukar buƙatun amfani na mutum; Kamar yadda aka rufe a baya, ana rarraba wannan kudin shiga na ƙasa gwargwadon ingancin aiki, amma kuma yawan sa. Dangane da tsarin ci gaban tsarin gurguzu, hakikanin albashin yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Dalilin shi ne albashi na ainihi ya dogara ne akan yawan aiki a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Ma'aikatan ƙungiyar gurguzu suna da mahimmin cikar albashi, ƙarin wanda ya dogara da kuɗin mabukaci, wanda ke haɓaka ainihin kuɗin shigar ma'aikatan kwaminisanci da kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Menene banbanci tsakanin karancin albashi da na ainihin?
Hanya mafi kyau wacce zamu iya rarrabewa kuma saboda haka zamu iya fassara bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan ijara, a cikin yanayin su. Yayin albashi na ɗan lokaci zai shafi ɓangaren adadi kuma nawa kudi muke karba, hakikanin albashi zai fi mayar da hankali kan samo samfuran kuma nawa zamu iya samu. Ko yanki maras suna (ko na lamba) yana da yiwuwar musayarsa don mafi kyawun samfura ko musayar mafi kyau ga wasu kuɗaɗen yana da alaƙa da manufofin kuɗi na kowane yanki. Ta wannan hanyar, kodayake albashi na ɗan lokaci shine mafi sauƙin kuma mafi sauƙin fassara, a zahiri mahimmin sashi shine yadda zamu iya yi da shi (ainihin albashi). Don yin wannan, zamu ga manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kowannensu da yadda hauhawar farashi ya ƙare da shafar su.
Powerarfin siyarwa, ikon siyan kaya
Daga cikin su duka, mafi dacewa shine ikon siyan wanda ma'aikaci yake dashi. Wannan yana daidaitawa tsawon lokaci da motsi na aiki zuwa hauhawar farashi, wanda ke fassara zuwa mai zuwa:
- Albashi na Maraice: Yankin adadi ne yake mulki. Adadin kuɗin da aka karɓa. Amma wannan baya nufin muna da ƙari, tunda kuɗi kayan aiki ne don siyan samfuran. Idan farashin kayayyaki suka tashi kuma mafi ƙarancin albashinmu, zamu iya siyan kaɗan. A wannan yanayin, albashi na ɗan lokaci shine ƙimar da aka nuna a cikin masu biyan, misali, € 1.300 a wata.
- Albashin gaske: Zai zama ɓangare na "zahiri" na ƙimar albashi, wato yawan kayayyakin da za mu iya saya. Mutumin da shekaru 15 da suka gabata ya karɓi fam 1.300 kuma, alal misali, yana ci gaba da karɓar € 1.300 a yau, albashinsu na ɗan lokaci ba zai ƙaru ko ya ragu ba. Koyaya, hauhawar farashi da tsadar rayuwa zasu tashi, don haka da € 1.300 yau zan sayi abubuwa ƙasa da shekaru 15 da suka gabata.
Don zama mafi daidaito, a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata matsakaicin hauhawar farashi a yankin Yuro ya kasance 1%. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin shekaru 15 tsadar rayuwa ta tashi da kashi 26%. Idan mutum ya karbi € 1.300 shekaru 15 da suka gabata, tare da kashe expenses 1.000, da sun iya ajiye € 300 a kowane wata. Hakikanin albashin sa ya bashi sassauci. Koyaya, idan aka ci gaba da biyan albashinsa, yau wannan tsadar rayuwa zata ci shi € 1.260, don haka zai iya ajiye € 40 kawai a kowane wata. Hakikanin albashin ku a wannan yanayin zai zama mai matse gaske.
Ta yaya duka albashin zai kara
Lastarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, shine fahimta nawa ya kamata albashin mu ya inganta domin kula da rayuwarmu. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa ainihin albashi shine wanda muke ayyana samun kayayyaki da shi, ba tare da la'akari da kuɗin da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin biyan mu ba, burin mu galibi shine a kula ko a ƙara. Don sanin ko ikon siyan mu ya inganta, bari mu duba hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.
Don kula da ikon saye iri ɗaya, wato, ainihin albashin, namu ya kamata ƙaruwa cikin layi tare da hauhawar farashi. Wannan yana nuna cewa idan hauhawar farashin shekara guda ya karu da 2%, yakamata albashinmu maras muhimmanci ya ƙaru da 2%. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya biyan hakikanin albashin.
Inara albashi na ɗan lokaci sama da hauhawar farashin kaya zai haifar da mafi kyawun albashi saboda ikon siyanmu zai haɓaka. Wato, idan hauhawar farashi shekara guda ya kai kashi 2%, matuqar albashinmu ya karu da kashi 2% ko fiye, za mu inganta qarfinmu na sayayya.
Don haka ta faru, dole ne mu tuna cewa lokacin da muke magana game da karin albashi na kashi 2%, dole ne mu kalli albashin. Babban albashin zai iya ƙaruwa daidai da hauhawar farashi, da 2%. Koyaya, wannan ƙarin ba lallai bane ya kasance a cikin albashin kuɗi idan abubuwan cirewa da aka yi a cikin masu biyan suka kuma haɓaka yayin shigar da harajin haraji na daban.
Ofarshen albashi na ɗan lokaci da ainihin albashi
A ƙarshe, zamu iya cewa albashi na ɗan lokaci shine albashin da ma'aikaci ke karɓa don aikinsa; a gefe guda, abin da aka bayyana da hakikanin albashi ya fi kusa da farashin kayayyaki da aiyuka da ake buƙata don biyan buƙatu.
A karin kalmomin tattalin arziki, ainihin albashin yana nuna abin da albashin yake iya sayan, ko ikon sayayya na ma'aikaci lokacin karbar albashinsa; An nuna cewa irin wannan albashin ya shafar hauhawar farashi, ma'ana, hauhawar farashi saboda abubuwan da suka wuce kima.
Don ƙarin fahimtar bambanci tsakanin ɗayan da ɗayan, abu na farko da dole ne mu yi shi ne ayyana su sosai. Albashin suna shine adadin kuɗin da ma'aikaci ke karɓa, yayin da ainihin albashin yana da alaƙa da farashin kayayyaki da aiyuka.
Babban mahimmanci mafi mahimmanci shine za a iya kara albashi maras muhimmanci ba tare da an inganta walwalarsu baWannan yana nufin cewa farashin kayayyaki da aiyuka na iya tashi sama ɗaya ko dai-dai da na ɗan ƙaramin albashi. Saboda wannan, hakikanin albashi ne wanda ke bayarwa ta hanyar da ta fi inganci abin da albashin yake da gaske, wato, abin da ma'aikaci zai iya saya da albashin sa.
Lokacin da duk dalilai suka taru saboda haka karin albashi na gaske ana daukar shi labari ne mai dadiYana da kyau saboda yana nufin cewa ma'aikacin na iya samun samfuran da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ke biyan bukatun su; a gefe guda, idan ya sauka, yana nufin cewa suna da karancin ikon saye, don haka karfinsu na biyan bukatunsu yana raguwa.
Shin kuna da shakku game da menene ainihin albashi? Muna gaya muku:
Kuma tambaya na iya tashi game da nawa ne mafi dacewa da daidaiton abin da za a ba ma'aikaci.
Ulatingaddamar da albashi bisa ga bayanai da kwatancen da ke ba mu cikakken bayani don biyan buƙatun ma'aikaci game da matsayin aikin su ana iya sauƙaƙe da yawa tare da kayan aikin dijital, don yin ƙarin biyan kuɗi don ayyukan su.
Sannu Davds, anan Spain, albashi yana zuwa ta hanyar yarjejeniya gama gari, gwargwadon aikin da kuke yi, kuna cikin yarjejeniya kuma kuna da mafi ƙarancin albashi, a gefe guda kuma mai aiki na iya baku albashin da kuke so, amma ba zai iya ba a dakatar da yarjejeniyar ku. Manufa ita ce abin da kuka ce, amma har yanzu muna kusa da wannan tsarin, aƙalla a nan. Gaisuwa da godiya ga gudummawa.
Godiya ga labarin.Na sami yadda ake tunkarar batun da matukar ban sha'awa. Ina so in gaya muku cewa na karanta labarai da yawa game da batun kuma wannan shine wanda na fi so. Taya murna, Ina godiya da lokacin da kuka dauka domin rubuta shi.