The Standard da Poor's yana ɗaya daga cikin fihirisan da ke nuna ƙarfi mafi ƙarfi a wannan lokacin kuma sama da sauran kasuwannin duniya bayan faɗaɗa cutar coronavirus. Pointsan maki kaɗan mafi kyau fiye da sauran shawarwari a kasuwannin daidaito a duniya. Tabbas, bai kai matakan Nasdaq ba, amma a cikin dawowa ya sami nasarar tsayayya tare da kyakkyawan fata game da siyarwar a kasuwannin kuɗi. Kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da ake samu ga ƙanana da matsakaita masu saka jari don samun wadatar kuɗaɗensu mai riba a cikin ragowar shekarar.
Standard da Poor's ya ragu da kashi 16% a cikin wannan shekara, ƙasa da asarar da aka yi a kasuwannin daidaito a ƙasashen Turai. Bayan an kai matakin kowane lokaci kafin Maris tare da sauran alamun ƙididdigar hannun jari a cikin Amurka. A wata ma'anar, har yanzu tana da raunin ƙarfin gwiwa daga ɓangaren masu saka hannun jari na watanni masu zuwa don ɓata sauran alamun a tsohuwar nahiyar. Kuma wannan mahimmin abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen fayil ɗin saka hannun jari daga yanzu zuwa. Kasancewa a cikin ɗayan shari'o'in ɗayan maganganun da suka dace waɗanda suka haifar da isowar kwarorovirus.
A gefe guda, Matsakaici da Matalauta na iya fuskantar watanni masu zuwa tare da tasiri. Musamman idan alurar riga kafi don fuskantar kwayar cutar corona ta iso cikin watanni masu zuwa. Zuwa ga batun cewa ƙimar da ke tattare da wannan muhimmiyar ma'anar hannun jari na iya yin sama. Akalla don inganta darajar tsakanin 10% da 20% kuma saboda haka yana iya zama batun motsi ta ƙananan da matsakaitan masu saka jari. A wannan ma'anar, ba za mu iya mantawa da cewa Matsakaici da Talakawa na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai a wannan lokacin ba duk da tsananin fa'idar da yake da shi dangane da farashin farashin da aka lissafa a ciki.
Matsakaici da Talakawa: a cikin jagora
A kowane hali, ba za a iya mantawa da cewa wannan ɗan kasuwar a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Amurka ita ce mafi kyawun aiki tun ƙarshen Afrilu. Tare da yanayin da a kowane yanayi ya kasance na yau da kullun tunda yana da tasiri ta hanyar hawa da sauka a cikin tattalin arziki na yanzu har ma da zamantakewa. A wannan ma'anar, babu shakka cewa Standard da Poor's suma an dauke su ta hanyar yawan mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar. Har zuwa ma'anar cewa ta nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin zaman kasuwancin na ƙarshe kuma wannan shine, bayan haka, ɗayan alamun ta a cikin waɗannan kwanakin wahala ga duk masu saka jari. Fiye da hawan da ke gaba wanda a cikin dogon lokaci ba a keta shi ba.
Duk da yake a ɗaya hannun, yana da mahimmanci a jaddada gaskiyar cewa sakamakon kamfanonin da aka lissafa a cikin Standard da Poor's ya kasance mafi kyau fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Gaskiyar lamarin wacce ta haifar da yawancin kamfanonin da aka lissafa sun yaba da a cikin mafi ƙanƙan lokaci. Kodayake a ƙarƙashin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ba sa gayyatar ɗaukar matsayi na kwanaki masu zuwa ko makonni masu zuwa. Amma aƙalla yana haifar da kyakkyawan fata ga ƙanana da matsakaitan masu saka jari waɗanda ke son komawa kasuwannin daidaito. Amma ba abu ne na yau da kullun ba, amma akasin haka zai iya yin tuntuɓe dangane da bayanan da coronavirus ke alama a kowace rana. Wato, yanayi mai matukar dacewa don aiwatar da aiki a cikin wannan zaman ciniki don samun fa'idodi cikin sauri, idan motsi a cikin kasuwannin kuɗi suka ba shi damar.
Tare da bayarwa da yawa
Daga irin wannan hangen nesan, babu kokwanto cewa ma'aunin Standard da Poor kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga yan kasuwa a cikin waɗannan musayar. Yana bayar da daidaito fiye da sauran kasuwannin duniya kuma tare da ci gaba mai zuwa, aƙalla cikin dogon lokaci. Duk da yake a gefe guda, gaskiyar cewa a cikin ayyukanta akwai sassauci mafi girma a cikin motsi da aka aiwatar ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba. Saboda a zahiri, yana da ayyuka da yawa fiye da na wasu kuma saboda wannan duka zaku iya zaɓar ƙimomi daban-daban dangane da fifikon da zaku iya samu a wani lokaci. Dukansu a fannonin gargajiya da na zamani, tare da kusan babu iyakancewa don yanke shawara yayin yanke shawara. Ba abin mamaki bane, yana da ɗayan wadatattun hadaya a duk kasuwannin daidaito a duniya.
Ana iya samun farashin tarihi don ma'aunin hannun jari na Standard & Poor na 500 daga shafukan yanar gizo kamar Yahoo Finance, ta amfani da alamar GSPC, ko Google Finance, tare da .INX. Yahoo na iya tsara jerin tun daga shekarar 1950. Waɗannan lambobin, da jadawalin da suka dace, suna da amfani don kimanta aikin da aka yi na saka hannun jari na adalci, saboda ana ɗaukar S & P500 a matsayin wakili don babban kasuwar hannayen jari. Koyaya, don nazarin ainihin ribar kasuwar, muna buƙatar matsakaita da zana hoto ba kawai farashin ba, har ma da sakamakon rarar riba da kumbura. Wannan shine dalilin wannan aikin.
Jimlar riba
Dangane da Standard & Poor's, rarar da aka samu tana da alhakin 44 na jimlar dawo da adadin a cikin shekaru 80 da suka gabata. Idan muka bincika fa'idar tarihi na saka hannun jari a hannun jari, ba za a iya yin watsi da wannan ɓangaren ba. Sabili da haka, yana da ban sha'awa a zana jadawalin jimillar jimillar duka (ma'ana, ƙaruwar ƙima idan aka sake saka riba gaba ɗaya) maimakon haɓakar farashin. Shafin da ke gaba yana nuna tarihin S & P 500 tun daga 1950:
Kuna ganin tasirin saka hannun jari dala 1 a cikin 1950. Hanyar lemu tana nuna sakamakon samun duk ribar da aka sake sakawa (ma'ana, jimillar komowa), yayin da shuɗin shuɗi ba ya ɗaukar riba cikin lissafi, don haka kawai yana nuna canjin farashin. Kamar yadda kake gani, sake saka duk ribar da aka samu kusan sau 8 kenan. Lura cewa Y axis yana da sikeli a logarithmically, don kyakkyawan fahimtar abubuwan da suka gabata.
Trends a cikin hauhawar farashi da rarraba riba. Kalmomi kamar "dala da aka saka a 1926 zai zama $ 3000 a yau ana yawan ji ba tare da la'akari da gaskiyar cewa dala daga 1926 ba ta da alaƙa da dala daga 2009. Don kimanta yadda za a samu ta hanyar saka hannun jari a hannun jari kan Dole ne a fitar da sakamakon hauhawar farashi daga tebur, yana daidaita sakamakon matsakaici bisa ga wani ƙididdiga kamar Priceididdigar Farashin Masu Amfani da Ma'aikatar Labaran Amurka ta buga.
Manyan jigogi suna nuna hauhawar farashin shekara-shekara, tare da ƙididdigar rarar rarar shekara-shekara. A cikin duka, ana iya lura da wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa:
Yawancin masu sharhi game da harkokin kudi sun fi damuwa da cewa manyan kamfanonin biyu, Apple da Microsoft, kowane yana da nauyi a cikin S&P 500 fiye da na wasu masana'antu. Apple da Microsoft kowanne suna da kimanin kashi 4,5% na darajar kasuwa na S&P 500. Wannan ya fi nauyi na makamashi, abubuwan amfani, kayan ƙasa da ɓangarorin kayan masarufi.
Lokacin da masu saka jari suka fara yin lodi fiye da kima a cikin wani fanni, yawanci hakan baya karewa da kyau. Manyan manazarta sun yi tsokaci a cikin hirar da aka yi da ku a kafofin sada zumunta cewa lallai ya kasance bin tsarin tunanin mutane ne. Kuma ya damu matuka cewa ƙididdigar manyan hannayen jari yanzu sun yi yawa.
Rabauki fasfo ɗinku. Lokaci ya yi da za a nemi hannun jari a kasashen waje, bayan duk, lokaci ya yi da za a nemi hannun jari a kasashen waje. Dangane da wannan, manazarta sun lura cewa, baya ga nauyin kayan fasaha da yawa a shekara ta 2000, hannun jari ya samar da babban ɓangaren lissafin a cikin 2007, gab da mutuwar han uwan Lehman da Babban Tattalin Arziƙi. Hakanan hannun jarin makamashi ya kasance mai yawan ban mamaki a shekara ta 2008 kafin farashin mai ya fadi.
"Halin da ake ciki yanzu na fannin ba wani hasashe ne game da masifa ba, a'a sai dai wayar da kai ga masu saka hannun jari domin su lura da hatsarin da ke tattare da kawai gaskiyar 'mallakar kasuwa'", shi an yi tsokaci a cikin wani rahoto. Masu saka hannun jari waɗanda har yanzu ke son fallasa kasuwa za su iya neman wasu kuɗaɗe da ETF waɗanda ke da kamfanonin S&P 500 - tare da juyawa.
Sauran kudaden ETF suna bayan S & P 500. Babban kamfanin sarrafa kudi Invesco, alal misali, yana da ETF mai nauyin S&P 500 (RSP). Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, asusu yana ɗaukar duk hannun jari a cikin layin yana auna su daidai. Kuma akwai wani ETF wanda ke juyar da bayanan. ETF masu tsada suna sarrafa US Reverse Manyan Cap ETF (RVRS), wanda ke sanya mafi girman nauyi a kan ƙananan kamfanoni.
Sayi hannun jari
Shin akwai wani dalili na ci gaba da mallakar kason mutum ɗaya? Abin baƙin cikin shine, duk kuɗin sun ragu da aikin S&P 500 a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Duk da yake nauyin nauyi daidai a cikin fayil na iya ba da ma'ana ta asali, yana da wahala a wuce kasuwa gabaɗaya yayin da ɓangare ɗaya ya fi sauran kyau.
Dabarar saka ƙarin kuɗi a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni na S&P 500 alama ce ta asali. Reversearfin haɓaka ETF a halin yanzu yana da mafi girman nauyi a cikin dillalai masu wahala L Brands (LB), Gap (GPS), Nordstrom (JWN) da Macy's (M). Dalilin da yasa suke da ƙimar ƙimar kasuwa? Duk hannayen jarinsa sun fadi warwas a shekarar data gabata.
Tare da wannan a zuciya, masu saka jari na iya buƙatar yin murmushi da riƙewa yayin sayen asusu na yau da kullun. Ee, suna da tasirin gaske ga quintet na kamfanonin fasaha. Amma da yawa daga manazarta sun ba da hujja ga kyakkyawan aikin ayyukanta. “Samun abubuwa da yawa a cikin fasaha abin damuwa ne da bai kamata a yi watsi da shi ba. Akwai kwatancen da aka yi a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Amma ya kamata mu fahimci cewa waɗannan kamfanoni suna samun sama da matsakaicin kudaden shiga da ci gaban riba a cikin duniyar da ba ta da ci gaba, "in ji Timothy Chubb, babban jami'in saka hannun jari a Girard.
Chubb ya kara da cewa kasuwar hada-hadar kasuwanci mai nauyi ita ce mafi kyawun zabi fiye da darajar hannayen jari a cikin jadawalin farashi, kamar yadda Dow yake yi, musamman ma idan aka bashi darajarta: Boeing (BA), wanda yake kasa da 15% a shekarar da ta gabata a yayin faduwar 737 Max kusan shekara guda da ta gabata. Manyan kamfanonin Amurka suna da hannu dumu-dumu a cikin tattalin arzikin Amurka, har ma da sauran kasashen duniya. Manyan manyan kamfanonin Amurka guda 500 da aka tallata a bayyane, manyan playersan wasa a cikin S & P XNUMX Index, ana nuna su anan tare da ayyukansu, tambura, da hanyoyin taimako.
Alamar Musayar Hannun Jari ta New York A cikin Amurka, ana tallata kamfanoni a bayyane akan musayar hannayen jari don samun damar hannun jari a cikin kasuwannin hannayen jari. Ta hanyar yin biyayya ga ka'idojin da Hukumar Musayar Tsaro - SEC - ta sanya, waɗannan kamfanonin suna sanya hannun jarinsu a cikin musayar hannayen jari, cibiyoyin da ke kula da tabbatar da wadatattun yanayin kasuwa don cinikin hannayen jari.
A Amurka, manyan musayar hannayen jari guda biyu sun ba da tabbacin isassun yanayin kasuwa don ci gaba da kasuwancin ɗaruruwan kamfanoni: Kasuwancin Hannun Jari na New York - NYSE - da Nasdaq Stock Exchange, bi da bi musayar hannun jari.na girma da na biyu a Amurka. da duniya.
Shafin S & P 500, mafi fa'ida mai nuni
Don auna ayyukan hannun jari na Amurka da tantance ayyukan kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi da tattalin arzikin Amurka, hannayen jarin manyan kamfanonin kasuwanci 500 a Amurka an tara su a cikin S&P 500 index, wanda aka fi sani da kamar na S&P. Wannan babban ma'aunin nauyi, wanda ke ba da girma ga manyan kamfanoni, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙididdigar kasuwar hannayen jari ta Amurka da tattalin arzikin Amurka gaba ɗaya.
Dangane da hannun jari na kamfanoni 500, S&P yana da tushe mafi fadi fiye da kamfanoni 30 waɗanda suka haɗu da Dow Jones Industrial Average, kodayake yawancin kamfanonin Dow suma manyan abubuwan ne na S&P. Har ila yau, S&P yana da fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu da masana'antu fiye da kamfanonin da ke da Nasdaq Composite Index, wanda ke da karko sosai ga bangaren fasaha.
Don cikakken jerin manyan kamfanonin Amurka 500 wadanda suka hada da S&P 500 Index, da kuma karin bayani game da kowane kamfani, duba bayanan mu na Excel na manyan kamfanonin Amurka 500.
Don taimaka muku ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan hukumomin, an tattara cikakken bayani kan manyan kamfanoni 30 na Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi 500 na S & P 7 Index, a ƙasa an tsara kowane kamfani tare da ƙaramar masana'antu da gabatarwar masana'antu, ayyuka, kasuwancin kasuwa, a kai tsaye mahada zuwa gidan yanar gizonku, tambari da alamar jari. An rarraba kamfanoni ta hanyar kasuwancin su na dalar Amurka, kamar yadda yake kusa da ranar Juma'a, 2020 ga Fabrairu, XNUMX.
Ka tuna cewa idan kana neman bayanai game da waɗannan kamfanonin don saka hannun jari a cikin hannun jari, ka tabbata ka san abin da kake yi, saboda saka hannun jarinka na fuskantar manyan haɗari tare da haɓakar farashin hannun jari. Don ƙarin koyo game da saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwar hannun jari da kuma sarrafa jakar ku, bincika post ɗin mu akan mafi kyawun kwasa-kwasan kan layi kan saka hannun jari da ciniki, da waɗannan littattafan da aka fi sayar dasu don koyon yadda ake saka hannun jari.
Gajerun hanyoyi don kowane kamfani
Don saurin saurin kewayawarku ta wannan dogon jerin, ga hanyoyin haɗi masu sauri don tsalle kai tsaye zuwa cikakkun bayanai na kowane ɗayan manyan kamfanoni 30 a cikin S&P 500. Tabbatar da duba kuma taƙaitaccen manyan kamfanoni 10 a cikin S&P 500 bayan jerin! Ba za a iya mantawa da cewa ta wannan ma'anar, Daidaitaccen da Talakawa na ɗaya daga cikin alamun mafi ƙarfi a wannan lokacin ba. Tare da dabi'u masu zuwa a cikin ayyukanda zaka iya sanya kanka daga waɗannan lokutan wannan shekara don rikitarwa saboda bayyanar coronavirus.
Boeing
Wells Fargo
PepsiCo
Comcast
Cisco Systems
Chevron
Pfizer
Merck & Co.
Verizon
Kamfanin Coca-Cola
Disney
Gidan Gida
ExxonMobil
Ƙungiyar UnitedHealth
AT&T
Intel
Bankin Amurka
Procter & Gamble
MasterCard
Walmart
Johnson & Johnson
JPMorgan Chase
Visa
Berkshire Hathaway
haruffa
Amazon
apple
Microsoft