Bayanin Benjamin Graham

Daga cikin dimbin masu saka hannun jari da suka kasance a duniya, ɗayan mashahurai shine Benjamin Graham, wanda ya mutu a cikin 1976. Har ila yau an san shi da mahaifin darajar saka hannun jari, Wannan mai saka hannun jari na Ingilishi ya kasance malamin manyan mutane kamar Warren Buffett ko Irving Kahn. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, maganganun Benjamin Graham sun cancanci karantawa, saboda suna da hikimar kuɗi da yawa.

Baya ga kalmomin Benjamin Graham, zamu kuma yi magana game da wanene kuma menene darajar saka hannun jari. Duk wannan ɓangare ne na gama gari a cikin duniyar kuɗi, don haka ina ba ku shawara da ku ci gaba da karatu.

Mafi kyawun jumla 15 na Benjamin Graham

Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, Benjamin Graham shahararren mai saka jari ne kuma an kira shi mahaifin darajar saka jari. Saboda wannan, yana da daraja a karanta manyan kalmomin da Benjamin Graham ya bar mana. Nan gaba zamu ga jerin goma sha biyar mafi kyau:

1. "Mutanen da ba za su iya sarrafa motsin zuciyar su ba sun dace da samun riba ta hanyar saka hannun jari."
2. "Duk wanda zai saka hannun jari a hannun jari bai kamata ya cika damuwa game da canjin canjin da ake samu a farashin tsaro ba, tunda a cikin gajeren lokaci kasuwar hannayen jari tana nuna kamar na'urar zabe, amma a cikin dogon lokaci tana aiki kamar sikeli."
3. “Ba za ku yi daidai ba ko kuskure saboda taron mutane ba su yarda da ku ba. Za ku yi daidai saboda bayananku da dalilanku sun yi daidai. "
4. "Mister Market abu ne mai wahala a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci amma ya dawo cikin hankalinsa a cikin dogon lokacin."
5. “Kasuwa kamar wani abin alatu ne wanda koyaushe yake jujjuyawa tsakanin fata mara kyau (wanda ke sa kadarori su yi tsada) da rashin tsammani mara dalili (wanda ke sa kadarorin su kasance masu arha) Babban mai saka jari na kwarai mutum ne mai gaskiya, wanda ke siyar da masu fatan alheri kuma ya sayi marasa fata. "
6. "Idan kana son zama mai arziki, to ka koyi ba yadda ake samun kudi kawai ba, har ma da yadda ake saka jari."
7. "Babban asarar da masu zuba jari ke yi galibi na zuwa ne daga siyan kadarori masu inganci a lokacin tattalin arziki mai kyau."
8. "Abin mamaki ne yadda 'yan kasuwa da yawa ke iya aiki a kan titin Wall Street, suna watsi da duk ƙa'idodin hankali waɗanda suka ci nasarar kamfanonin su."
9. "Mafi yawan lokuta hannayen jari na fuskantar sauye-sauye marasa tunani da kuma canjin da suka wuce kima a cikin farashin sakamakon halin da galibin mutane suka tsunduma cikin zato ko caca ... don samar da hanya ga wannan kuna buƙatar fata, tsoro da haɗama."
10. Samun sakamako mai gamsarwa na saka hannun jari ya fi sauƙi bisa ga yawancin mutane; cimma sakamako mafi girma ya fi wuya fiye da yadda ake ji. "
11. "Ko da mai sa hannun jari na iya bukatar karfin gwiwa don kada ya bi taron."
12. "Ku yi hankali da tsinkaye, ba daidai ba ne a yi tunanin cewa jama'a na iya samun kuɗi daga tsinkayen kasuwa."
13. "Babban matsalar mai saka hannun jari, har ma da babban abokin gabarsa, tabbas shi kansa ne."
14. "Haƙiƙa mummunan asara koyaushe na zuwa ne bayan mai siye ya manta tambayar nawa ne kudinsa."
15. "Akwai dokoki biyu don saka hannun jari: Na farko kar a yi asara, na biyu kuma, kar a manta da doka ta farko."

Wanene Benjamin Graham?

A ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1894, aka haifi Benjamin Graham a Landan, wanda yau aka san shi da uba na darajar saka jari kuma ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1976. Baya ga kasancewa mai saka jari, Graham ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a "Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia "kuma ya rubuta littattafan kuɗi guda biyu:" Nazarin Tsaro "da" Mai saka jari mai hankali. " Dukansu mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsu a matsayin mafi kyawun littattafan kuɗi waɗanda suka taɓa kasancewa.

A Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia, Benjamin Graham ya fara koyar da wata sabuwar dabarar saka jari da ake kira "darajar saka jari." Har wa yau yana ɗaya daga cikin dabarun da aka fi amfani da su sosai ta manyan masana tattalin arziki. Daga cikin almajiran mahaifin masu darajar saka jari akwai mutane kamar su Warren Buffett, Irving Kahn, Walter J. Schloss ko Jean Marie Eveillard.

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Bayanin Ray Dalio

Yayin da koyarwarsa a kan saka jari mai daraja ta fara ne a 1928, sai da aka buga littafinsa "Nazarin Tsaro" ya fayyace kalmar "darajar saka jari." An rubuta wannan littafin tare da David Dodd, wani mai saka jari na Amurka. A cikin littafin "The Investment Intelligent", Graham tuni yayi tsokaci akan mahimmancin gefen aminci wanda saka hannun jari cikin ƙimar tayi.

Bayan an san shi a matsayin mahaifin darajar saka hannun jari, an san Benjamin Graham kamar haka mahaifin gwagwarmaya jari. Tasirin da yake da shi a kan ɗaliban shi ya sa har biyu daga cikinsu suka sanya wa yaransu suna don girmamawa. Warren Buffet ya sanyawa dansa suna Howard Graham Buffett shi kuma Irving Kahn ya sanyawa dan nasa suna Thomas Graham Kahn. A zahiri, Buffet ya yarda a lokuta da dama cewa Benjamin Graham shine mutumin da ya zo ya rinjayi shi sosai, bayan mahaifinsa.

Darajar saka hannun jari

Hakanan an san shi da saka hannun jari mai daraja, saka hannun jari mai daraja falsafar saka jari ce wacce aikinta ke gudana ya dogara ne akan sayan hanyoyin tsaro a farashi mai sauki. Idan muka debe farashin kasuwa daga mahimmin ƙimar rabon da aka saya, yana haifar da tazarar aminci wanda bisa ƙa'ida ya kamata koyaushe a ba mu lokacin da muke saka hannun jari cikin ƙimar.

Gabaɗaya, masu saka jari masu daraja, kamar Benjamin Graham, suna tunanin cewa farashin kasuwa yana ƙaruwa a nan gaba idan ya ƙasa da ƙimar hannun jari. Wani abu ne wanda yawanci yakan faru idan kasuwa ta daidaita. Koyaya, darajar saka hannun jari Yana da manyan matsaloli biyu. Dole ne mu kimanta daidai abin da mahimmanci zai kasance da kuma hango yadda zai yiwu lokacin da wannan ƙimar za ta kasance a cikin kasuwa.

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Shafin Charlie Munger

Akwai masu saka hannun jari da yawa waɗanda suka shahara da wadata ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kowane ɗayan yana da abubuwan da ya samu, hanyoyin su, da kuma shawarar su. Tare da kalmomin Benjamin Graham Ina fatan na taimaka kuma na motsa ku don saka hannun jari a kasuwar hannun jari.